Free probability induced by electric resistance networks on energy Hilbert spaces

Abstract. We show that a class of countable weighted graphs arising in the study of electric resistance networks (ERNs) are naturally associated with groupoids. Starting with a fixed ERN, it is known that there is a canonical energy form and a derived energy Hilbert space \(H_{\mathcal{E}}\). From \(H_{\mathcal{E}}\), one then studies resistance metrics and boundaries of the ERNs. But in earlier research, there does not appear to be a natural algebra of bounded operators acting on \(H_{\mathcal{E}}\). With the use of our ERN-groupoid, we show that \(H_{\mathcal{E}}\) may be derived as a representation Hilbert space of a universal representation of a groupoid algebra \(\mathfrak{A}_G\), and we display other representations. Among our applications, we identify a free structure of \(\mathfrak{A}_G\) in terms of the energy form.